全球立法者联盟组织全球国际研究显示立法者是应对气候变化的关键 GLOBE Study Reveals Legislators Hold the Key to Tackling Climate Change
全球立法者联盟组织全球国际研究显示立法者是应对气候变化的关键

2013年1月全球立法者联盟组织全球国际发表了第三版《气候法规研究》，正式推出了全球气候变化立法倡议。这份与伦敦政治经济学院格兰瑟姆研究院一起发布的研究，是对整个世界主要发达经济体和新兴经济体气候立法最全面的审计。 

January 2013 GLOBE International presented the 3^rd edition of the Climate Legislation Study and formally launched the GLOBE Climate Legislation Initiative. The study, produced in partnership with LSE Grantham Research, is the most comprehensive audit of climate legislation across the world’s major developed and emerging economies.  

“目前的趋势正果断开始转向应对气候变化——这一本世纪关键而重大的挑战。地球环境国际议员联盟和格兰瑟姆研究院的最新研究显示，仅在过去的一年里， 33个接受调查的国家中有32个国家已经出台与气候相关的立法或者正在这方面取得显著的进展。仅在2012年，这33个国家中的18个国家取得了显著的进步。这种改变游戏规则的发展，虽然由新兴经济体推动，但却发生在每一个大陆上。最重要的是，它向政府如何看待2015年的国际谈判提出了挑战，这需要政府更大的关注，以支持国家立法。”——全球立法者联盟组织全球国际主席、英国法定独立气候变化委员会主席、前英国环境大臣迪本勋爵。 

“The tide is beginning to turn decisively on tackling climate change, the defining material challenge of this century. In the past year alone, as described in this latest study by GLOBE International and the Grantham Research Institute, 32 out of 33 surveyed countries have introduced or are progressing significant climate-related legislation. In 2012 alone, 18 of the 33 countries made significant progress. This is a game-changing development, driven by emerging economies, but taking place across each and every continent. Most importantly it challenges how governments look at the international negotiations up to 2015 requiring much greater focus by governments to support national legislation.” - Rt. Hon. John Gummer, Lord Deben, President of the Global Legislators Organisation (GLOBE International), Chairman of the UK Statutory Independent Committee on Climate Change, and former UK Secretary of State for the Environment.  

1月14日和15日在英国外交和联邦事务部举行的第一届全球气候立法峰会上正式发布了这份新版的研究报告。这份研究和GLOBE项目在不同的国家取得了成效，包括墨西哥、中国和韩国在内的国家都已通过英国外交和联邦事务部得到了繁荣基金的支持。新版《全球气候法规研究》的主要成果表明： 

This new edition of the study was formally launched at the1^st GLOBE Climate Legislation Summit held at the UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) on 14^th and 15^th January. The study and GLOBE project work in various countries, including Mexico, China and South Korea, has been supported by the FCO through the Prosperity Fund. Top-line results of the new edition of the GLOBE Climate Legislation Study show: 

• 33个主要经济体中有32个已经在与气候或能源相关的立法上取得或者正在取得显著进展。
• 虽然所使用的方式方法各不相同（不论是否直接由气候变化、能源效率、能源安全或竞争力所激励），国家立法都实现了类似的成果——能源安全得到改善，资源利用效率得到提高，经济实现更加清洁和低碳的增长方式。
• 2012年气候变化立法活动取得的大部分实质性进展都发生在新兴经济体，包括中国，这将在未来几十年内为全球经济增长提供推动力。
• 虽然目前的国家立法尚未表明需要采取怎样的行动来避免危险的气候变化，但它正在设立必要的机制来测算、报告和核证排放量，这是建立可靠的全球气候条约的一个先决条件。
• 这一进展将为国家经济带来真正的收益，最终将会为世界各国领导人在联合国谈判中提供政治空间，让他们谈得更深、更快，为到2015年达成综合性全球协定提供基础。 
• 32 of 33 major economies have progressed or are progressing significant climate and/or energy-related legislation.
• Whilst the approach often differs (whether directly inspired by climate change, energy efficiency, energy security or competitiveness), national legislation is achieving remarkably similar results -- improved energy security, greater resource-efficiency and cleaner, lower carbon economic growth.
• Much of the substantive progress on legislative activity on climate change in 2012 took place in emerging economies, including China, which will provide the motor of global economic growth in coming decades.
• While current national legislation does not yet, cumulatively, add up to what needs to be done to avoid dangerous climate change, it is putting in place the necessary mechanisms to measure, report and verify emissions, a pre-requisite for a credible global climate treaty.
• This progress will deliver real benefits to national economies and, ultimately, give world leaders the political space to go further and faster in the UN negotiations, helping provide a foundation for a comprehensive, global deal by 2015. 

2012年主要国家的亮点包括 Key country highlights from 2012 include: 

• 墨西哥通过了《气候变化一般法》，设定了到2012年减少温室气体排放量30％的目标，并建立体制结构以支持目标实现；墨西哥还通过了世界上第一个有关REDD+准备情况的法规。
• 韩国通过了到2015年引进排放交易机制的法规。
• 孟加拉国通过了《可持续及可再生能源开发法令》。
• 中国已开始起草国家气候变化法，深圳已经通过了管理温室气体排放量的地方法规——这是中国第一个类似的法规。
• 印度公布了第12个五年计划，并将低碳专家组提出的建议纳入计划之内。
• 印尼通过了一项内阁法规以扩大热能使用。
• 日本引入碳税，并通过了《低碳城市发展法案》。
• 肯尼亚制定了《应对气候变化国家行动计划》，并正向议会提交《气候变化法案》，这两项预计将于2013年初完成。
• 越南通过了国家REDD+行动计划 
• Mexico passed The General Law on Climate Change, with a target to reduce GHG emissions by 30% versus Business As Usual by 2020 and creating institutional structures to support delivery; Mexico also passed the world’s first legislation relating to REDD+ readiness.
• South Korea passed legislation that will see the introduction of an emissions trading scheme by 2015.
• Bangladesh passed the Sustainable and Renewable Energy Development Authority Act.
• China has begun to draft its national climate change law and local legislation was passed in Shenzhen to manage GHG emissions – the first such legislation in China.
• India published its 12th Five Year Plan, incorporating a range of recommendations from the Low Carbon Expert Group.
• Indonesia passed a ministerial regulation to expand thermal energy.
• Japan introduced a carbon tax and passed the Low Carbon City Development Act.
• Kenya developed its Climate Change National Action Plan and is taking through parliament a Climate Change Authority Bill, both of which are expected to be finalised in early 2013.
• Vietnam passed its National REDD+ Action Programme. 

《联合国气候变化框架公约》执行秘书克里斯蒂娜·菲格雷斯女士表示： 

“毫不夸张地说，立法正在推进我们所需要的清洁革命。国内立法是非常重要的，因为它是实际行动和国际协议之间的关键契合点。在国家层面，显而易见的是当国家制定清洁能源政策，投资就会随之跟上。在国际层面，同样清楚的是国内立法会打开国际协定的政治空间，促进提高整体的追求目标”。 

The Executive Secretary of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Ms Christiana Figueres, said that:

 "It is no exaggeration to say that the clean revolution we need is being carried forward by legislation. Domestic legislation is critical because it is the linchpin between action on the ground and the international agreement. At the national level, it is clear that when countries enact clean energy policies, investment follows. At the international level, it is equally clear that domestic legislation opens the political space for international agreements and facilitates overall ambition". 

英国外交大臣威廉·黑格在《致与会代表欢迎辞》中说道： 

“当我们迫切期待需要在2015年的《联合国气候变化框架公约》中获得一个全球性的、具有法律约束力的减排协议的同时，国内立法显然能够在建立共识和巩固目标中发挥关键作用。我们很高兴能够支持推出这一举措”。 

In his welcome message to delegates the Foreign Secretary, William Hague MP, said: 

"As we look towards the imperative of getting agreement on a global, legally binding, deal on emissions reductions in the UNFCCC in 2015, it is clear that domestic legislation has a key role to play in building consensus and cementing ambition. We are very pleased to have been able to support the launch of this initiative". 

全球立法者联盟组织全球国际秘书长亚当·马修斯表示： 

“我们必须面对现实。除非国家监管框架基本形成，否则要在2015年由联合国出面协商达成气候协议将是不可能的。只有通过实施国家法规，才能创立国际协议的政治条件。在本周举行的全球气候立法峰会上，我们将推出联合国谈判以外最重要的举措之一。 

全球气候立法倡议为来自参加现在至2015年联合国谈判的33个国家的资深立法议员和德班平台上的2020年后气候变化谈判的预定结论，提供了一个高水平的国际化进程。 

全球立法倡议的目标是应立法议员的要求，提供政治、分析和管理支持，帮助他们推进设立与气候变化相关的法规。它也将作为一个平台，让来自世界各地的立法议员能够会面和讨论共同的阻碍、问题和成功经验并共享最佳实践的信息。” 

GLOBE’s Secretary General Adam Matthews, said: 

 “We must be realistic. It will not be possible to reach an agreement in 2015 in the UN brokered climate negotiations unless the national regulatory frameworks are in place.  It is by implementing national legislation that the political conditions for an international agreement will be created.” 

“At the GLOBE Climate Legislation Summit this week we will be launching one of the most important initiatives outside the UN negotiations. The GLOBE Climate Legislation Initiative (GCLI) is a high level international process for senior legislators from 33 countries that will run alongside the formal UN negotiations between now and 2015, the scheduled conclusion of post-2020 climate change negotiations under the Durbanplatform”. 

“The aim of the GCLI is to support legislators in advancing climate change-related legislation by providing a combination of political, analytical and administrative support, where it is requested by the legislators. It will also serve as a platform where legislators from across the world can meet, discuss common barriers, issues and successes and share information about best practice”.